海洋三维遥感与海洋剖面激光雷达     

唐军武  陈戈  陈卫标  赵朝方  贺岩  吴松华  刘秉义  毛志华  何惠馨  杨杰  陈树果  胡连波  何兴道  史久林  郑永超  刘建强  林明森  吴立新  郭华东  蒋兴伟  潘德炉  顾逸东 《遥感学报》2021,25(1):460-500

本文从海洋与气候变化等重大前沿科学与应用对空间海洋观测系统的需求出发,基于当前国内外空间激光技术水平与前期海洋激光遥感的探索,提出了海洋遥感从二维向三维发展的紧迫性,并将海洋剖面探测激光雷达作为未来“海洋三维遥感”的主要技术手段。本文对近50年国内外激光海洋剖面探测技术的理论与应用、基础性关键探测机理问题,尤其是近10年来的试验性探索及其在多个海洋科学问题中的应用进行了综述。结合中国自主“观澜号”海洋科学卫星计划中海洋剖面探测激光雷达的系统论证与指标要求,提出了未来海洋剖面探测激光雷达发展路线图建议以及中国有望率先在空间海洋剖面激光探测领域取得突破的设想。  相似文献   

基于显著性图像与纹理特征的遥感影像云检测     

黄宇  潘励 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(2):16-19

遥感影像云检测是遥感影像处理中非常关键的环节,准确识别影像含云区域能够提升影像的利用价值。根据遥感影像的成像特点,将阈值法和纹理特征结合实现云和下垫面的分割。首先将影像从RGB(red-green-blue)空间转化为HSI(hue-saturation-intensity)空间,进而构建影像的显著性图像,利用Otsu法对显著性图像进行粗分割,再基于灰度共生矩阵分析云和下垫面的纹理特征,进一步提取出准确的云区。实验表明,该算法复杂度较低,提取效果良好。  相似文献   

经济海藻病害及防控技术的研究进展     

杨慧超  李杰  阎永伟  唐磊  茅云翔  莫照兰 《海洋科学》2019,43(1):101-111

经济海藻的病害一直是海藻人工栽培的一大障碍,往往造成严重的经济损失。目前对藻类病害的研究大多集中于病原鉴定,而病原的多样性和复杂的海区微环境增加了病原分离和鉴定的难度。本文综述了经济海藻病害发生的原因、病原的多样性和致病机制、病原的鉴定、检测和防治方法,并对未来我国海藻病害研究方向进行了展望,以期对藻类病害的防控提供参考。  相似文献   

Estimation of crowd density from UAVs images based on corner detection procedures and clustering analysis     

Ali Almagbile 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(1):23-34

With rapid developments in platforms and sensors technology in terms of digital cameras and video recordings, crowd monitoring has taken a considerable attentions in many disciplines such as psychology, sociology, engineering, and computer vision. This is due to the fact that, monitoring of the crowd is necessary to enhance safety and controllable movements to minimize the risk particularly in highly crowded incidents (e.g. sports). One of the platforms that have been extensively employed in crowd monitoring is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), because UAVs have the capability to acquiring fast, low costs, high-resolution and real-time images over crowd areas. In addition, geo-referenced images can also be provided through integration of on-board positioning sensors (e.g. GPS/IMU) with vision sensors (digital cameras and laser scanner). In this paper, a new testing procedure based on feature from accelerated segment test (FAST) algorithms is introduced to detect the crowd features from UAV images taken from different camera orientations and positions. The proposed test started with converting a circle of 16 pixels surrounding the center pixel into a vector and sorting it in ascending/descending order. A single pixel which takes the ranking number 9 (for FAST-9) or 12 (for FAST-12) was then compared with the center pixel. Accuracy assessment in terms of completeness and correctness was used to assess the performance of the new testing procedure before and after filtering the crowd features. The results show that the proposed algorithms are able to extract crowd features from different UAV images. Overall, the values of Completeness range from 55 to 70 % whereas the range of correctness values was 91 to 94 %.  相似文献   

Classification of glacial lakes using integrated approach of DFPS technique and gradient analysis using Sentinel 2A data     

Prateek Verma  Sanjay Kumar Ghosh 《国际地球制图》2019,34(10):1075-1088

It is important to identify and locate glacial lakes for assessing any potential hazard. This study presents a combination of semi-automatic method Double-Window Flexible Pace Search (DFPS) and edge detection technique to identify glacial lakes using Sentinel 2A satellite data. Initially, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) has been used to identify water and non-water areas, while DFPS and Edge detection technique has been used to identify an optimum threshold value to distinguish between water and shadow areas. The optimal threshold from DFPS process is 0.21, while threshold value of gradient magnitude using edge detection process is 0.318. The number of glacial lakes identified using the above algorithm is in close agreement with previously published results on glacial lakes in Gangotri glacier using different techniques. Thus, a combination of DFPS and edge detection process has successfully segregated glacial lakes from other features present in Gangotri glacier.  相似文献   

An improved building detection approach using L-band POLSAR two-dimensional time-frequency decomposition over oriented built-up areas     

Lei Deng  Ying He  Zhi-hui Mao  Jie Yu 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(1):1-21

The objective of this study is to efficiently extract detailed information about various man-made targets in oriented built-up areas using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) images. This paper develops an improved approach for building detection by utilizing Two-Dimensional Time-Frequency (2-D TF) decomposition. This method performs outstandingly in distinguishing between man-made and natural targets based on the isotropic behaviors, frequency-sensitive responses, and scattering mechanisms of objects. The proposed method can preserve the spatial resolution and exploit the advantages of TF decomposition; specifically, the exact outlines of buildings can be effectively located, and more types of features (e.g., flat roofs, roads, and walls that are oblique to the radar illumination) can be distinguished from forests in complex built-up areas by 2-D TF decomposition. The coarser-resolution subaperture images that are produced in the azimuth direction, which correspond to different looking angles, are beneficial for detecting man-made structures with main scattering centers oriented at oblique angles with respect to the radar illumination. In the range direction, the obtained subaperture images, which correspond to various observation frequencies, can be helpful in distinguishing flat roofs and roads from forests. This method was successfully implemented to analyze both NASA/JPL L-band AIRSAR and L-band EMISAR data sets. The building detection results of the proposed method exhibit a significant improvement over those of other methods and reach an overall accuracy over 80%, with approximately 20% higher than the accuracies of K-means clustering and the entropy/alpha-Wishart classifier and approximately 10% higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine method. Moreover, building details can be precisely detected, obliquely oriented buildings can be identified, and the distinction between buildings and forests is significantly improved, as both visually and statistically indicated. This method is highly adaptable and has substantial application value.  相似文献   

基于深度学习的目标检测定位系统设计与实现     

王俊强  李建胜  程相博  杨戬峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):133-136,144

针对传统遥感影像目标检测方法效率不高,并且无有效手段对检测信息进行管理利用的问题,提出了在B/S构架下基于深度学习的目标检测及定位方法。通过集成深度学习框架、WebGIS以及数据库,实现了集遥感影像目标检测、展示及管理于一体的目标检测定位系统,满足多用户基于前端浏览器的并发目标检测需求。利用网格划分策略,实现了基于前端的大区域范围的目标快速检测。基于某机场飞机目标及某城市区域运动场目标检测结果表明:本文设计的目标检测定位系统能够在前端实现目标快速检测定位,具有较高检测精度,并可有效管理检测信息,为深度学习循环再利用提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

复杂环境下地基SAR粗差探测及应用     

马金玉  龙四春  童爱霞  吴文豪  祝传广 《测绘通报》2020,(2):43

雷达视线受施工机械等的间断遮挡导致部分影像产生相位奇异值，从而造成解缠错误及误差传递，简单的相关影像处理难以识别受遮挡影像。本文提出了改进的基于小波变换的信号奇异性检测方法，通过对地基SAR PS点时序相位特征进行分析，将遮挡影像识别转化为粗差探测问题；由PS点相位序列与影像位置关系，根据测区PS点相位序列的奇异点集合得到受遮挡影像集；最后将受遮挡影像剔除后得到的地基SAR监测结果与精密全站仪、水准与游标卡尺数据进行对比分析。结果表明：本文提出的方法用于受遮挡影像的识别是可行的，解决了地基SAR在实际工程应用中可能存在的影像遮挡带来的测量数据含有粗差的问题，提高了监测区域伪影像检测的效率与准确性。  相似文献   

基于移动三维扫描技术的隧道管片错台分析及应用     

赵亚波  王智 《测绘通报》2020,(8):160-163

错台是地铁隧道的主要病害之一，通常是由于盾构机施工控制不好或是隧道荷载发生变化导致，错台的发生也会引起隧道收敛变形及渗水等其他病害。传统手段主要采用人工巡检等方式进行错台情况的检测，由于受夜间窗口期短的影响，该方法效率低，成果难以精确量化。研究采用基于轨道的隧道移动三维激光扫描系统对隧道错台进行检测，通过快速获取隧道三维点云生成正射影像，并基于正射影像进行管片的划分及里程的匹配，进而根据每一环的三维点云信息计算管片错台情况。以青岛地铁2号线为例，本文介绍了移动扫描技术在地铁隧道管片错台检测的应用情况，为该技术在其他隧道的推广应用提供了一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

烃源岩不同性质有机酸的分离及其检测方法     

杜佳宗  何蓓  蔡进功  雷天柱  刘庆  谢忠怀 《高校地质学报》2020,26(5):540-548

烃源岩中的有机酸来源于有机质，但有机质具有不同的赋存形式，有机酸具有不同性质，这将影响有机酸与不同赋存有机质的关系，进而影响分离和检测方法。文章在总结前人对有机质赋存形式和有机酸性质等特征的基础上，提出烃源岩中的有机酸并以非单一的形式存在，具有水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸三种类型，游离有机质中存在水溶性和脂溶性有机酸，而结合有机质中存在水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸。因此在检测方法上需采取分步分离的方法，且根据有机酸的性质选取合适的检测方法，即水溶性有机酸利用离子色谱检测，索氏抽提得到的脂溶性有机酸利用气相色谱—质谱检测，通过酸解抽提残渣得到的难溶性有机酸利用红外光谱检测，全面系统地认识烃源岩中有机酸含量和类型等特征。这对进一步探讨烃源岩各种类型有机酸特征和演化规律，深化烃源岩有机质生烃以及有机—无机相互作用等机理都具有重要意义。  相似文献